pihmLIBS/shpopen.c

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/******************************************************************************
 * $Id: shpopen.c,v 1.39 2002/08/26 06:46:56 warmerda Exp $
 *
 * Project:  Shapelib
 * Purpose:  Implementation of core Shapefile read/write functions.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2001, Frank Warmerdam
 *
 * This software is available under the following "MIT Style" license,
 * or at the option of the licensee under the LGPL (see LICENSE.LGPL).  This
 * option is discussed in more detail in shapelib.html.
 *
 * --
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 ******************************************************************************
 *
 * $Log: shpopen.c,v $
 * Revision 1.39  2002/08/26 06:46:56  warmerda
 * avoid c++ comments
 *
 * Revision 1.38  2002/05/07 16:43:39  warmerda
 * Removed debugging printf.
 *
 * Revision 1.37  2002/04/10 17:35:22  warmerda
 * fixed bug in ring reversal code
 *
 * Revision 1.36  2002/04/10 16:59:54  warmerda
 * added SHPRewindObject
 *
 * Revision 1.35  2001/12/07 15:10:44  warmerda
 * fix if .shx fails to open
 *
 * Revision 1.34  2001/11/01 16:29:55  warmerda
 * move pabyRec into SHPInfo for thread safety
 *
 * Revision 1.33  2001/07/03 12:18:15  warmerda
 * Improved cleanup if SHX not found, provied by Riccardo Cohen.
 *
 * Revision 1.32  2001/06/22 01:58:07  warmerda
 * be more careful about establishing initial bounds in face of NULL shapes
 *
 * Revision 1.31  2001/05/31 19:35:29  warmerda
 * added support for writing null shapes
 *
 * Revision 1.30  2001/05/28 12:46:29  warmerda
 * Add some checking on reasonableness of record count when opening.
 *
 * Revision 1.29  2001/05/23 13:36:52  warmerda
 * added use of SHPAPI_CALL
 *
 * Revision 1.28  2001/02/06 22:25:06  warmerda
 * fixed memory leaks when SHPOpen() fails
 *
 * Revision 1.27  2000/07/18 15:21:33  warmerda
 * added better enforcement of -1 for append in SHPWriteObject
 *
 * Revision 1.26  2000/02/16 16:03:51  warmerda
 * added null shape support
 *
 * Revision 1.25  1999/12/15 13:47:07  warmerda
 * Fixed record size settings in .shp file (was 4 words too long)
 * Added stdlib.h.
 *
 * Revision 1.24  1999/11/05 14:12:04  warmerda
 * updated license terms
 *
 * Revision 1.23  1999/07/27 00:53:46  warmerda
 * added support for rewriting shapes
 *
 * Revision 1.22  1999/06/11 19:19:11  warmerda
 * Cleanup pabyRec static buffer on SHPClose().
 *
 * Revision 1.21  1999/06/02 14:57:56  kshih
 * Remove unused variables
 *
 * Revision 1.20  1999/04/19 21:04:17  warmerda
 * Fixed syntax error.
 *
 * Revision 1.19  1999/04/19 21:01:57  warmerda
 * Force access string to binary in SHPOpen().
 *
 * Revision 1.18  1999/04/01 18:48:07  warmerda
 * Try upper case extensions if lower case doesn't work.
 *
 * Revision 1.17  1998/12/31 15:29:39  warmerda
 * Disable writing measure values to multipatch objects if
 * DISABLE_MULTIPATCH_MEASURE is defined.
 *
 * Revision 1.16  1998/12/16 05:14:33  warmerda
 * Added support to write MULTIPATCH.  Fixed reading Z coordinate of
 * MULTIPATCH. Fixed record size written for all feature types.
 *
 * Revision 1.15  1998/12/03 16:35:29  warmerda
 * r+b is proper binary access string, not rb+.
 *
 * Revision 1.14  1998/12/03 15:47:56  warmerda
 * Fixed setting of nVertices in SHPCreateObject().
 *
 * Revision 1.13  1998/12/03 15:33:54  warmerda
 * Made SHPCalculateExtents() separately callable.
 *
 * Revision 1.12  1998/11/11 20:01:50  warmerda
 * Fixed bug writing ArcM/Z, and PolygonM/Z for big endian machines.
 *
 * Revision 1.11  1998/11/09 20:56:44  warmerda
 * Fixed up handling of file wide bounds.
 *
 * Revision 1.10  1998/11/09 20:18:51  warmerda
 * Converted to support 3D shapefiles, and use of SHPObject.
 *
 * Revision 1.9  1998/02/24 15:09:05  warmerda
 * Fixed memory leak.
 *
 * Revision 1.8  1997/12/04 15:40:29  warmerda
 * Fixed byte swapping of record number, and record length fields in the
 * .shp file.
 *
 * Revision 1.7  1995/10/21 03:15:58  warmerda
 * Added support for binary file access, the magic cookie 9997
 * and tried to improve the int32 selection logic for 16bit systems.
 *
 * Revision 1.6  1995/09/04  04:19:41  warmerda
 * Added fix for file bounds.
 *
 * Revision 1.5  1995/08/25  15:16:44  warmerda
 * Fixed a couple of problems with big endian systems ... one with bounds
 * and the other with multipart polygons.
 *
 * Revision 1.4  1995/08/24  18:10:17  warmerda
 * Switch to use SfRealloc() to avoid problems with pre-ANSI realloc()
 * functions (such as on the Sun).
 *
 * Revision 1.3  1995/08/23  02:23:15  warmerda
 * Added support for reading bounds, and fixed up problems in setting the
 * file wide bounds.
 *
 * Revision 1.2  1995/08/04  03:16:57  warmerda
 * Added header.
 *
 */

static char rcsid[] = 
  "$Id: shpopen.c,v 1.39 2002/08/26 06:46:56 warmerda Exp $";

#include "shapefil.h"

#include <math.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef unsigned char uchar;

#if UINT_MAX == 65535
typedef long          int32;
#else
typedef int           int32;
#endif

#ifndef FALSE
#  define FALSE         0
#  define TRUE          1
#endif

#define ByteCopy( a, b, c )     memcpy( b, a, c )
#ifndef MAX
#  define MIN(a,b)      ((a<b) ? a : b)
#  define MAX(a,b)      ((a>b) ? a : b)
#endif

static int      bBigEndian;


/************************************************************************/
/*                              SwapWord()                              */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Swap a 2, 4 or 8 byte word.                                     */
/************************************************************************/

static void     SwapWord( int length, void * wordP )

{
    int         i;
    uchar       temp;

    for( i=0; i < length/2; i++ )
    {
        temp = ((uchar *) wordP)[i];
        ((uchar *)wordP)[i] = ((uchar *) wordP)[length-i-1];
        ((uchar *) wordP)[length-i-1] = temp;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             SfRealloc()                              */
/*                                                                      */
/*      A realloc cover function that will access a NULL pointer as     */
/*      a valid input.                                                  */
/************************************************************************/

static void * SfRealloc( void * pMem, int nNewSize )

{
    if( pMem == NULL )
        return( (void *) malloc(nNewSize) );
    else
        return( (void *) realloc(pMem,nNewSize) );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SHPWriteHeader()                            */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Write out a header for the .shp and .shx files as well as the   */
/*      contents of the index (.shx) file.                              */
/************************************************************************/

static void SHPWriteHeader( SHPHandle psSHP )

{
    uchar       abyHeader[100];
    int         i;
    int32       i32;
    double      dValue;
    int32       *panSHX;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Prepare header block for .shp file.                             */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for( i = 0; i < 100; i++ )
      abyHeader[i] = 0;

    abyHeader[2] = 0x27;                                /* magic cookie */
    abyHeader[3] = 0x0a;

    i32 = psSHP->nFileSize/2;                           /* file size */
    ByteCopy( &i32, abyHeader+24, 4 );
    if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, abyHeader+24 );
    
    i32 = 1000;                                         /* version */
    ByteCopy( &i32, abyHeader+28, 4 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, abyHeader+28 );
    
    i32 = psSHP->nShapeType;                            /* shape type */
    ByteCopy( &i32, abyHeader+32, 4 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, abyHeader+32 );

    dValue = psSHP->adBoundsMin[0];                     /* set bounds */
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+36, 8 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, abyHeader+36 );

    dValue = psSHP->adBoundsMin[1];
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+44, 8 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, abyHeader+44 );

    dValue = psSHP->adBoundsMax[0];
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+52, 8 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, abyHeader+52 );

    dValue = psSHP->adBoundsMax[1];
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+60, 8 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, abyHeader+60 );

    dValue = psSHP->adBoundsMin[2];                     /* z */
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+68, 8 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, abyHeader+68 );

    dValue = psSHP->adBoundsMax[2];
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+76, 8 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, abyHeader+76 );

    dValue = psSHP->adBoundsMin[3];                     /* m */
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+84, 8 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, abyHeader+84 );

    dValue = psSHP->adBoundsMax[3];
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+92, 8 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, abyHeader+92 );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Write .shp file header.                                         */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    fseek( psSHP->fpSHP, 0, 0 );
    fwrite( abyHeader, 100, 1, psSHP->fpSHP );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Prepare, and write .shx file header.                            */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    i32 = (psSHP->nRecords * 2 * sizeof(int32) + 100)/2;   /* file size */
    ByteCopy( &i32, abyHeader+24, 4 );
    if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, abyHeader+24 );
    
    fseek( psSHP->fpSHX, 0, 0 );
    fwrite( abyHeader, 100, 1, psSHP->fpSHX );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Write out the .shx contents.                                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    panSHX = (int32 *) malloc(sizeof(int32) * 2 * psSHP->nRecords);

    for( i = 0; i < psSHP->nRecords; i++ )
    {
        panSHX[i*2  ] = psSHP->panRecOffset[i]/2;
        panSHX[i*2+1] = psSHP->panRecSize[i]/2;
        if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, panSHX+i*2 );
        if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, panSHX+i*2+1 );
    }

    fwrite( panSHX, sizeof(int32) * 2, psSHP->nRecords, psSHP->fpSHX );

    free( panSHX );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              SHPOpen()                               */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Open the .shp and .shx files based on the basename of the       */
/*      files or either file name.                                      */
/************************************************************************/
   
SHPHandle SHPAPI_CALL
SHPOpen( const char * pszLayer, const char * pszAccess )

{
    char                *pszFullname, *pszBasename;
    SHPHandle           psSHP;
    
    uchar               *pabyBuf;
    int                 i;
    double              dValue;
    
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Ensure the access string is one of the legal ones.  We          */
/*      ensure the result string indicates binary to avoid common       */
/*      problems on Windows.                                            */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( strcmp(pszAccess,"rb+") == 0 || strcmp(pszAccess,"r+b") == 0
        || strcmp(pszAccess,"r+") == 0 )
        pszAccess = "r+b";
    else
        pszAccess = "rb";
    
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Establish the byte order on this machine.                       */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    i = 1;
    if( *((uchar *) &i) == 1 )
        bBigEndian = FALSE;
    else
        bBigEndian = TRUE;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Initialize the info structure.                                  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    psSHP = (SHPHandle) calloc(sizeof(SHPInfo),1);

    psSHP->bUpdated = FALSE;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Compute the base (layer) name.  If there is any extension       */
/*      on the passed in filename we will strip it off.                 */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    pszBasename = (char *) malloc(strlen(pszLayer)+5);
    strcpy( pszBasename, pszLayer );
    for( i = strlen(pszBasename)-1; 
         i > 0 && pszBasename[i] != '.' && pszBasename[i] != '/'
               && pszBasename[i] != '\\';
         i-- ) {}

    if( pszBasename[i] == '.' )
        pszBasename[i] = '\0';

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Open the .shp and .shx files.  Note that files pulled from      */
/*      a PC to Unix with upper case filenames won't work!              */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    pszFullname = (char *) malloc(strlen(pszBasename) + 5);
    sprintf( pszFullname, "%s.shp", pszBasename );
    psSHP->fpSHP = fopen(pszFullname, pszAccess );
    if( psSHP->fpSHP == NULL )
    {
        sprintf( pszFullname, "%s.SHP", pszBasename );
        psSHP->fpSHP = fopen(pszFullname, pszAccess );
    }
    
    if( psSHP->fpSHP == NULL )
    {
        free( psSHP );
        free( pszBasename );
        free( pszFullname );
        return( NULL );
    }

    sprintf( pszFullname, "%s.shx", pszBasename );
    psSHP->fpSHX = fopen(pszFullname, pszAccess );
    if( psSHP->fpSHX == NULL )
    {
        sprintf( pszFullname, "%s.SHX", pszBasename );
        psSHP->fpSHX = fopen(pszFullname, pszAccess );
    }
    
    if( psSHP->fpSHX == NULL )
    {
        fclose( psSHP->fpSHP );
        free( psSHP );
        free( pszBasename );
        free( pszFullname );
        return( NULL );
    }

    free( pszFullname );
    free( pszBasename );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*  Read the file size from the SHP file.                               */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    pabyBuf = (uchar *) malloc(100);
    fread( pabyBuf, 100, 1, psSHP->fpSHP );

    psSHP->nFileSize = (pabyBuf[24] * 256 * 256 * 256
                        + pabyBuf[25] * 256 * 256
                        + pabyBuf[26] * 256
                        + pabyBuf[27]) * 2;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*  Read SHX file Header info                                           */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    fread( pabyBuf, 100, 1, psSHP->fpSHX );

    if( pabyBuf[0] != 0 
        || pabyBuf[1] != 0 
        || pabyBuf[2] != 0x27 
        || (pabyBuf[3] != 0x0a && pabyBuf[3] != 0x0d) )
    {
        fclose( psSHP->fpSHP );
        fclose( psSHP->fpSHX );
        free( psSHP );

        return( NULL );
    }

    psSHP->nRecords = pabyBuf[27] + pabyBuf[26] * 256
      + pabyBuf[25] * 256 * 256 + pabyBuf[24] * 256 * 256 * 256;
    psSHP->nRecords = (psSHP->nRecords*2 - 100) / 8;

    psSHP->nShapeType = pabyBuf[32];

    if( psSHP->nRecords < 0 || psSHP->nRecords > 256000000 )
    {
        /* this header appears to be corrupt.  Give up. */
        fclose( psSHP->fpSHP );
        fclose( psSHP->fpSHX );
        free( psSHP );

        return( NULL );
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Read the bounds.                                                */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyBuf+36 );
    memcpy( &dValue, pabyBuf+36, 8 );
    psSHP->adBoundsMin[0] = dValue;

    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyBuf+44 );
    memcpy( &dValue, pabyBuf+44, 8 );
    psSHP->adBoundsMin[1] = dValue;

    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyBuf+52 );
    memcpy( &dValue, pabyBuf+52, 8 );
    psSHP->adBoundsMax[0] = dValue;

    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyBuf+60 );
    memcpy( &dValue, pabyBuf+60, 8 );
    psSHP->adBoundsMax[1] = dValue;

    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyBuf+68 );         /* z */
    memcpy( &dValue, pabyBuf+68, 8 );
    psSHP->adBoundsMin[2] = dValue;
    
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyBuf+76 );
    memcpy( &dValue, pabyBuf+76, 8 );
    psSHP->adBoundsMax[2] = dValue;
    
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyBuf+84 );         /* z */
    memcpy( &dValue, pabyBuf+84, 8 );
    psSHP->adBoundsMin[3] = dValue;

    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyBuf+92 );
    memcpy( &dValue, pabyBuf+92, 8 );
    psSHP->adBoundsMax[3] = dValue;

    free( pabyBuf );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Read the .shx file to get the offsets to each record in         */
/*      the .shp file.                                                  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    psSHP->nMaxRecords = psSHP->nRecords;

    psSHP->panRecOffset =
        (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX(1,psSHP->nMaxRecords) );
    psSHP->panRecSize =
        (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX(1,psSHP->nMaxRecords) );

    pabyBuf = (uchar *) malloc(8 * MAX(1,psSHP->nRecords) );
    fread( pabyBuf, 8, psSHP->nRecords, psSHP->fpSHX );

    for( i = 0; i < psSHP->nRecords; i++ )
    {
        int32           nOffset, nLength;

        memcpy( &nOffset, pabyBuf + i * 8, 4 );
        if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &nOffset );

        memcpy( &nLength, pabyBuf + i * 8 + 4, 4 );
        if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &nLength );

        psSHP->panRecOffset[i] = nOffset*2;
        psSHP->panRecSize[i] = nLength*2;
    }
    free( pabyBuf );

    return( psSHP );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              SHPClose()                              */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Close the .shp and .shx files.                                  */
/************************************************************************/

void SHPAPI_CALL
SHPClose(SHPHandle psSHP )

{
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Update the header if we have modified anything.                 */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( psSHP->bUpdated )
    {
        SHPWriteHeader( psSHP );
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Free all resources, and close files.                            */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    free( psSHP->panRecOffset );
    free( psSHP->panRecSize );

    fclose( psSHP->fpSHX );
    fclose( psSHP->fpSHP );

    if( psSHP->pabyRec != NULL )
    {
        free( psSHP->pabyRec );
    }
    
    free( psSHP );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             SHPGetInfo()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Fetch general information about the shape file.                 */
/************************************************************************/

void SHPAPI_CALL
SHPGetInfo(SHPHandle psSHP, int * pnEntities, int * pnShapeType,
           double * padfMinBound, double * padfMaxBound )

{
    int         i;
    
    if( pnEntities != NULL )
        *pnEntities = psSHP->nRecords;

    if( pnShapeType != NULL )
        *pnShapeType = psSHP->nShapeType;

    for( i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
    {
        if( padfMinBound != NULL )
            padfMinBound[i] = psSHP->adBoundsMin[i];
        if( padfMaxBound != NULL )
            padfMaxBound[i] = psSHP->adBoundsMax[i];
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             SHPCreate()                              */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Create a new shape file and return a handle to the open         */
/*      shape file with read/write access.                              */
/************************************************************************/

SHPHandle SHPAPI_CALL
SHPCreate( const char * pszLayer, int nShapeType )

{
    char        *pszBasename, *pszFullname;
    int         i;
    FILE        *fpSHP, *fpSHX;
    uchar       abyHeader[100];
    int32       i32;
    double      dValue;
    
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Establish the byte order on this system.                        */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    i = 1;
    if( *((uchar *) &i) == 1 )
        bBigEndian = FALSE;
    else
        bBigEndian = TRUE;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Compute the base (layer) name.  If there is any extension       */
/*      on the passed in filename we will strip it off.                 */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    pszBasename = (char *) malloc(strlen(pszLayer)+5);
    strcpy( pszBasename, pszLayer );
    for( i = strlen(pszBasename)-1; 
         i > 0 && pszBasename[i] != '.' && pszBasename[i] != '/'
               && pszBasename[i] != '\\';
         i-- ) {}

    if( pszBasename[i] == '.' )
        pszBasename[i] = '\0';

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Open the two files so we can write their headers.               */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    pszFullname = (char *) malloc(strlen(pszBasename) + 5);
    sprintf( pszFullname, "%s.shp", pszBasename );
    fpSHP = fopen(pszFullname, "wb" );
    if( fpSHP == NULL )
        return( NULL );

    sprintf( pszFullname, "%s.shx", pszBasename );
    fpSHX = fopen(pszFullname, "wb" );
    if( fpSHX == NULL )
        return( NULL );

    free( pszFullname );
    free( pszBasename );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Prepare header block for .shp file.                             */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for( i = 0; i < 100; i++ )
      abyHeader[i] = 0;

    abyHeader[2] = 0x27;                                /* magic cookie */
    abyHeader[3] = 0x0a;

    i32 = 50;                                           /* file size */
    ByteCopy( &i32, abyHeader+24, 4 );
    if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, abyHeader+24 );
    
    i32 = 1000;                                         /* version */
    ByteCopy( &i32, abyHeader+28, 4 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, abyHeader+28 );
    
    i32 = nShapeType;                                   /* shape type */
    ByteCopy( &i32, abyHeader+32, 4 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, abyHeader+32 );

    dValue = 0.0;                                       /* set bounds */
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+36, 8 );
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+44, 8 );
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+52, 8 );
    ByteCopy( &dValue, abyHeader+60, 8 );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Write .shp file header.                                         */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    fwrite( abyHeader, 100, 1, fpSHP );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Prepare, and write .shx file header.                            */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    i32 = 50;                                           /* file size */
    ByteCopy( &i32, abyHeader+24, 4 );
    if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, abyHeader+24 );
    
    fwrite( abyHeader, 100, 1, fpSHX );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Close the files, and then open them as regular existing files.  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    fclose( fpSHP );
    fclose( fpSHX );

    return( SHPOpen( pszLayer, "r+b" ) );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           _SHPSetBounds()                            */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Compute a bounds rectangle for a shape, and set it into the     */
/*      indicated location in the record.                               */
/************************************************************************/

static void     _SHPSetBounds( uchar * pabyRec, SHPObject * psShape )

{
    ByteCopy( &(psShape->dfXMin), pabyRec +  0, 8 );
    ByteCopy( &(psShape->dfYMin), pabyRec +  8, 8 );
    ByteCopy( &(psShape->dfXMax), pabyRec + 16, 8 );
    ByteCopy( &(psShape->dfYMax), pabyRec + 24, 8 );

    if( bBigEndian )
    {
        SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + 0 );
        SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + 8 );
        SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + 16 );
        SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + 24 );
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SHPComputeExtents()                          */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Recompute the extents of a shape.  Automatically done by        */
/*      SHPCreateObject().                                              */
/************************************************************************/

void SHPAPI_CALL
SHPComputeExtents( SHPObject * psObject )

{
    int         i;
    
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Build extents for this object.                                  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( psObject->nVertices > 0 )
    {
        psObject->dfXMin = psObject->dfXMax = psObject->padfX[0];
        psObject->dfYMin = psObject->dfYMax = psObject->padfY[0];
        psObject->dfZMin = psObject->dfZMax = psObject->padfZ[0];
        psObject->dfMMin = psObject->dfMMax = psObject->padfM[0];
    }
    
    for( i = 0; i < psObject->nVertices; i++ )
    {
        psObject->dfXMin = MIN(psObject->dfXMin, psObject->padfX[i]);
        psObject->dfYMin = MIN(psObject->dfYMin, psObject->padfY[i]);
        psObject->dfZMin = MIN(psObject->dfZMin, psObject->padfZ[i]);
        psObject->dfMMin = MIN(psObject->dfMMin, psObject->padfM[i]);

        psObject->dfXMax = MAX(psObject->dfXMax, psObject->padfX[i]);
        psObject->dfYMax = MAX(psObject->dfYMax, psObject->padfY[i]);
        psObject->dfZMax = MAX(psObject->dfZMax, psObject->padfZ[i]);
        psObject->dfMMax = MAX(psObject->dfMMax, psObject->padfM[i]);
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SHPCreateObject()                           */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Create a shape object.  It should be freed with                 */
/*      SHPDestroyObject().                                             */
/************************************************************************/

SHPObject SHPAPI_CALL1(*)
SHPCreateObject( int nSHPType, int nShapeId, int nParts,
                 int * panPartStart, int * panPartType,
                 int nVertices, double * padfX, double * padfY,
                 double * padfZ, double * padfM )

{
    SHPObject   *psObject;
    int         i, bHasM, bHasZ;

    psObject = (SHPObject *) calloc(1,sizeof(SHPObject));
    psObject->nSHPType = nSHPType;
    psObject->nShapeId = nShapeId;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Establish whether this shape type has M, and Z values.          */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( nSHPType == SHPT_ARCM
        || nSHPType == SHPT_POINTM
        || nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONM
        || nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTM )
    {
        bHasM = TRUE;
        bHasZ = FALSE;
    }
    else if( nSHPType == SHPT_ARCZ
             || nSHPType == SHPT_POINTZ
             || nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONZ
             || nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTZ
             || nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH )
    {
        bHasM = TRUE;
        bHasZ = TRUE;
    }
    else
    {
        bHasM = FALSE;
        bHasZ = FALSE;
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Capture parts.  Note that part type is optional, and            */
/*      defaults to ring.                                               */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( nSHPType == SHPT_ARC || nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGON
        || nSHPType == SHPT_ARCM || nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONM
        || nSHPType == SHPT_ARCZ || nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONZ
        || nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH )
    {
        psObject->nParts = MAX(1,nParts);

        psObject->panPartStart = (int *)
            malloc(sizeof(int) * psObject->nParts);
        psObject->panPartType = (int *)
            malloc(sizeof(int) * psObject->nParts);

        psObject->panPartStart[0] = 0;
        psObject->panPartType[0] = SHPP_RING;
        
        for( i = 0; i < nParts; i++ )
        {
            psObject->panPartStart[i] = panPartStart[i];
            if( panPartType != NULL )
                psObject->panPartType[i] = panPartType[i];
            else
                psObject->panPartType[i] = SHPP_RING;
        }
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Capture vertices.  Note that Z and M are optional, but X and    */
/*      Y are not.                                                      */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( nVertices > 0 )
    {
        psObject->padfX = (double *) calloc(sizeof(double),nVertices);
        psObject->padfY = (double *) calloc(sizeof(double),nVertices);
        psObject->padfZ = (double *) calloc(sizeof(double),nVertices);
        psObject->padfM = (double *) calloc(sizeof(double),nVertices);

        assert( padfX != NULL );
        assert( padfY != NULL );
    
        for( i = 0; i < nVertices; i++ )
        {
            psObject->padfX[i] = padfX[i];
            psObject->padfY[i] = padfY[i];
            if( padfZ != NULL && bHasZ )
                psObject->padfZ[i] = padfZ[i];
            if( padfM != NULL && bHasM )
                psObject->padfM[i] = padfM[i];
        }
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Compute the extents.                                            */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    psObject->nVertices = nVertices;
    SHPComputeExtents( psObject );

    return( psObject );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       SHPCreateSimpleObject()                        */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Create a simple (common) shape object.  Destroy with            */
/*      SHPDestroyObject().                                             */
/************************************************************************/

SHPObject SHPAPI_CALL1(*)
SHPCreateSimpleObject( int nSHPType, int nVertices,
                       double * padfX, double * padfY,
                       double * padfZ )

{
    return( SHPCreateObject( nSHPType, -1, 0, NULL, NULL,
                             nVertices, padfX, padfY, padfZ, NULL ) );
}
                                  
/************************************************************************/
/*                           SHPWriteObject()                           */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Write out the vertices of a new structure.  Note that it is     */
/*      only possible to write vertices at the end of the file.         */
/************************************************************************/

int SHPAPI_CALL
SHPWriteObject(SHPHandle psSHP, int nShapeId, SHPObject * psObject )
                      
{
    int         nRecordOffset, i, nRecordSize;
    uchar       *pabyRec;
    int32       i32;

    psSHP->bUpdated = TRUE;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Ensure that shape object matches the type of the file it is     */
/*      being written to.                                               */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    assert( psObject->nSHPType == psSHP->nShapeType 
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_NULL );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Ensure that -1 is used for appends.  Either blow an             */
/*      assertion, or if they are disabled, set the shapeid to -1       */
/*      for appends.                                                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    assert( nShapeId == -1 
            || (nShapeId >= 0 && nShapeId < psSHP->nRecords) );

    if( nShapeId != -1 && nShapeId >= psSHP->nRecords )
        nShapeId = -1;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Add the new entity to the in memory index.                      */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( nShapeId == -1 && psSHP->nRecords+1 > psSHP->nMaxRecords )
    {
        psSHP->nMaxRecords =(int) ( psSHP->nMaxRecords * 1.3 + 100);

        psSHP->panRecOffset = (int *) 
            SfRealloc(psSHP->panRecOffset,sizeof(int) * psSHP->nMaxRecords );
        psSHP->panRecSize = (int *) 
            SfRealloc(psSHP->panRecSize,sizeof(int) * psSHP->nMaxRecords );
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Initialize record.                                              */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    pabyRec = (uchar *) malloc(psObject->nVertices * 4 * sizeof(double) 
                               + psObject->nParts * 8 + 128);
    
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*  Extract vertices for a Polygon or Arc.                              */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGON
        || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONZ
        || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONM
        || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_ARC 
        || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_ARCZ
        || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_ARCM
        || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH )
    {
        int32           nPoints, nParts;
        int             i;

        nPoints = psObject->nVertices;
        nParts = psObject->nParts;

        _SHPSetBounds( pabyRec + 12, psObject );

        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &nPoints );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &nParts );

        ByteCopy( &nPoints, pabyRec + 40 + 8, 4 );
        ByteCopy( &nParts, pabyRec + 36 + 8, 4 );

        nRecordSize = 52;

        /*
         * Write part start positions.
         */
        ByteCopy( psObject->panPartStart, pabyRec + 44 + 8,
                  4 * psObject->nParts );
        for( i = 0; i < psObject->nParts; i++ )
        {
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, pabyRec + 44 + 8 + 4*i );
            nRecordSize += 4;
        }

        /*
         * Write multipatch part types if needed.
         */
        if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH )
        {
            memcpy( pabyRec + nRecordSize, psObject->panPartType,
                    4*psObject->nParts );
            for( i = 0; i < psObject->nParts; i++ )
            {
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
                nRecordSize += 4;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Write the (x,y) vertex values.
         */
        for( i = 0; i < psObject->nVertices; i++ )
        {
            ByteCopy( psObject->padfX + i, pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            ByteCopy( psObject->padfY + i, pabyRec + nRecordSize + 8, 8 );

            if( bBigEndian )
                SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            
            if( bBigEndian )
                SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize + 8 );

            nRecordSize += 2 * 8;
        }

        /*
         * Write the Z coordinates (if any).
         */
        if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONZ
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_ARCZ
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH )
        {
            ByteCopy( &(psObject->dfZMin), pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;
            
            ByteCopy( &(psObject->dfZMax), pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;

            for( i = 0; i < psObject->nVertices; i++ )
            {
                ByteCopy( psObject->padfZ + i, pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
                nRecordSize += 8;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Write the M values, if any.
         */
        if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONM
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_ARCM
#ifndef DISABLE_MULTIPATCH_MEASURE            
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH
#endif            
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONZ
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_ARCZ )
        {
            ByteCopy( &(psObject->dfMMin), pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;
            
            ByteCopy( &(psObject->dfMMax), pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;

            for( i = 0; i < psObject->nVertices; i++ )
            {
                ByteCopy( psObject->padfM + i, pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
                nRecordSize += 8;
            }
        }
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*  Extract vertices for a MultiPoint.                                  */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINT
             || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTZ
             || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTM )
    {
        int32           nPoints;
        int             i;

        nPoints = psObject->nVertices;

        _SHPSetBounds( pabyRec + 12, psObject );

        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &nPoints );
        ByteCopy( &nPoints, pabyRec + 44, 4 );
        
        for( i = 0; i < psObject->nVertices; i++ )
        {
            ByteCopy( psObject->padfX + i, pabyRec + 48 + i*16, 8 );
            ByteCopy( psObject->padfY + i, pabyRec + 48 + i*16 + 8, 8 );

            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + 48 + i*16 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + 48 + i*16 + 8 );
        }

        nRecordSize = 48 + 16 * psObject->nVertices;

        if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTZ )
        {
            ByteCopy( &(psObject->dfZMin), pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;

            ByteCopy( &(psObject->dfZMax), pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;
            
            for( i = 0; i < psObject->nVertices; i++ )
            {
                ByteCopy( psObject->padfZ + i, pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
                nRecordSize += 8;
            }
        }

        if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTZ
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTM )
        {
            ByteCopy( &(psObject->dfMMin), pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;

            ByteCopy( &(psObject->dfMMax), pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;
            
            for( i = 0; i < psObject->nVertices; i++ )
            {
                ByteCopy( psObject->padfM + i, pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
                nRecordSize += 8;
            }
        }
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Write point.                                                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POINT
             || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POINTZ
             || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POINTM )
    {
        ByteCopy( psObject->padfX, pabyRec + 12, 8 );
        ByteCopy( psObject->padfY, pabyRec + 20, 8 );

        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + 12 );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + 20 );

        nRecordSize = 28;
        
        if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POINTZ )
        {
            ByteCopy( psObject->padfZ, pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;
        }
        
        if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POINTZ
            || psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_POINTM )
        {
            ByteCopy( psObject->padfM, pabyRec + nRecordSize, 8 );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, pabyRec + nRecordSize );
            nRecordSize += 8;
        }
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Not much to do for null geometries.                             */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else if( psObject->nSHPType == SHPT_NULL )
    {
        nRecordSize = 12;
    }

    else
    {
        /* unknown type */
        assert( FALSE );
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Establish where we are going to put this record. If we are      */
/*      rewriting and existing record, and it will fit, then put it     */
/*      back where the original came from.  Otherwise write at the end. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( nShapeId == -1 || psSHP->panRecSize[nShapeId] < nRecordSize-8 )
    {
        if( nShapeId == -1 )
            nShapeId = psSHP->nRecords++;

        psSHP->panRecOffset[nShapeId] = nRecordOffset = psSHP->nFileSize;
        psSHP->panRecSize[nShapeId] = nRecordSize-8;
        psSHP->nFileSize += nRecordSize;
    }
    else
    {
        nRecordOffset = psSHP->panRecOffset[nShapeId];
    }
    
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Set the shape type, record number, and record size.             */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    i32 = nShapeId+1;                                   /* record # */
    if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &i32 );
    ByteCopy( &i32, pabyRec, 4 );

    i32 = (nRecordSize-8)/2;                            /* record size */
    if( !bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &i32 );
    ByteCopy( &i32, pabyRec + 4, 4 );

    i32 = psObject->nSHPType;                           /* shape type */
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &i32 );
    ByteCopy( &i32, pabyRec + 8, 4 );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Write out record.                                               */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( fseek( psSHP->fpSHP, nRecordOffset, 0 ) != 0
        || fwrite( pabyRec, nRecordSize, 1, psSHP->fpSHP ) < 1 )
    {
        printf( "Error in fseek() or fwrite().\n" );
        free( pabyRec );
        return -1;
    }
    
    free( pabyRec );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Expand file wide bounds based on this shape.                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( psSHP->adBoundsMin[0] == 0.0
        && psSHP->adBoundsMax[0] == 0.0
        && psSHP->adBoundsMin[1] == 0.0
        && psSHP->adBoundsMax[1] == 0.0 
        && psObject->nSHPType != SHPT_NULL )
    {
        psSHP->adBoundsMin[0] = psSHP->adBoundsMax[0] = psObject->padfX[0];
        psSHP->adBoundsMin[1] = psSHP->adBoundsMax[1] = psObject->padfY[0];
        psSHP->adBoundsMin[2] = psSHP->adBoundsMax[2] = psObject->padfZ[0];
        psSHP->adBoundsMin[3] = psSHP->adBoundsMax[3] = psObject->padfM[0];
    }

    for( i = 0; i < psObject->nVertices; i++ )
    {
        psSHP->adBoundsMin[0] = MIN(psSHP->adBoundsMin[0],psObject->padfX[i]);
        psSHP->adBoundsMin[1] = MIN(psSHP->adBoundsMin[1],psObject->padfY[i]);
        psSHP->adBoundsMin[2] = MIN(psSHP->adBoundsMin[2],psObject->padfZ[i]);
        psSHP->adBoundsMin[3] = MIN(psSHP->adBoundsMin[3],psObject->padfM[i]);
        psSHP->adBoundsMax[0] = MAX(psSHP->adBoundsMax[0],psObject->padfX[i]);
        psSHP->adBoundsMax[1] = MAX(psSHP->adBoundsMax[1],psObject->padfY[i]);
        psSHP->adBoundsMax[2] = MAX(psSHP->adBoundsMax[2],psObject->padfZ[i]);
        psSHP->adBoundsMax[3] = MAX(psSHP->adBoundsMax[3],psObject->padfM[i]);
    }

    return( nShapeId  );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SHPReadObject()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Read the vertices, parts, and other non-attribute information   */
/*      for one shape.                                                  */
/************************************************************************/

SHPObject SHPAPI_CALL1(*)
SHPReadObject( SHPHandle psSHP, int hEntity )

{
    SHPObject           *psShape;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Validate the record/entity number.                              */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( hEntity < 0 || hEntity >= psSHP->nRecords )
        return( NULL );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Ensure our record buffer is large enough.                       */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( psSHP->panRecSize[hEntity]+8 > psSHP->nBufSize )
    {
        psSHP->nBufSize = psSHP->panRecSize[hEntity]+8;
        psSHP->pabyRec = (uchar *) SfRealloc(psSHP->pabyRec,psSHP->nBufSize);
    }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Read the record.                                                */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    fseek( psSHP->fpSHP, psSHP->panRecOffset[hEntity], 0 );
    fread( psSHP->pabyRec, psSHP->panRecSize[hEntity]+8, 1, psSHP->fpSHP );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Allocate and minimally initialize the object.                   */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    psShape = (SHPObject *) calloc(1,sizeof(SHPObject));
    psShape->nShapeId = hEntity;

    memcpy( &psShape->nSHPType, psSHP->pabyRec + 8, 4 );
    if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &(psShape->nSHPType) );

/* ==================================================================== */
/*  Extract vertices for a Polygon or Arc.                              */
/* ==================================================================== */
    if( psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGON || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_ARC
        || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONZ
        || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONM
        || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_ARCZ
        || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_ARCM
        || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH )
    {
        int32           nPoints, nParts;
        int             i, nOffset;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Get the X/Y bounds.                                             */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        memcpy( &(psShape->dfXMin), psSHP->pabyRec + 8 +  4, 8 );
        memcpy( &(psShape->dfYMin), psSHP->pabyRec + 8 + 12, 8 );
        memcpy( &(psShape->dfXMax), psSHP->pabyRec + 8 + 20, 8 );
        memcpy( &(psShape->dfYMax), psSHP->pabyRec + 8 + 28, 8 );

        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfXMin) );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfYMin) );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfXMax) );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfYMax) );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Extract part/point count, and build vertex and part arrays      */
/*      to proper size.                                                 */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        memcpy( &nPoints, psSHP->pabyRec + 40 + 8, 4 );
        memcpy( &nParts, psSHP->pabyRec + 36 + 8, 4 );

        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &nPoints );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &nParts );

        psShape->nVertices = nPoints;
        psShape->padfX = (double *) calloc(nPoints,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfY = (double *) calloc(nPoints,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfZ = (double *) calloc(nPoints,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfM = (double *) calloc(nPoints,sizeof(double));

        psShape->nParts = nParts;
        psShape->panPartStart = (int *) calloc(nParts,sizeof(int));
        psShape->panPartType = (int *) calloc(nParts,sizeof(int));

        for( i = 0; i < nParts; i++ )
            psShape->panPartType[i] = SHPP_RING;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Copy out the part array from the record.                        */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        memcpy( psShape->panPartStart, psSHP->pabyRec + 44 + 8, 4 * nParts );
        for( i = 0; i < nParts; i++ )
        {
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, psShape->panPartStart+i );
        }

        nOffset = 44 + 8 + 4*nParts;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      If this is a multipatch, we will also have parts types.         */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        if( psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH )
        {
            memcpy( psShape->panPartType, psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset, 4*nParts );
            for( i = 0; i < nParts; i++ )
            {
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, psShape->panPartType+i );
            }

            nOffset += 4*nParts;
        }
        
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Copy out the vertices from the record.                          */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        for( i = 0; i < nPoints; i++ )
        {
            memcpy(psShape->padfX + i,
                   psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + i * 16,
                   8 );

            memcpy(psShape->padfY + i,
                   psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + i * 16 + 8,
                   8 );

            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfX + i );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfY + i );
        }

        nOffset += 16*nPoints;
        
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      If we have a Z coordinate, collect that now.                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        if( psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_POLYGONZ
            || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_ARCZ
            || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPATCH )
        {
            memcpy( &(psShape->dfZMin), psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset, 8 );
            memcpy( &(psShape->dfZMax), psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + 8, 8 );
            
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfZMin) );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfZMax) );
            
            for( i = 0; i < nPoints; i++ )
            {
                memcpy( psShape->padfZ + i,
                        psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + 16 + i*8, 8 );
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfZ + i );
            }

            nOffset += 16 + 8*nPoints;
        }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      If we have a M measure value, then read it now.  We assume      */
/*      that the measure can be present for any shape if the size is    */
/*      big enough, but really it will only occur for the Z shapes      */
/*      (options), and the M shapes.                                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        if( psSHP->panRecSize[hEntity]+8 >= nOffset + 16 + 8*nPoints )
        {
            memcpy( &(psShape->dfMMin), psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset, 8 );
            memcpy( &(psShape->dfMMax), psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + 8, 8 );
            
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfMMin) );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfMMax) );
            
            for( i = 0; i < nPoints; i++ )
            {
                memcpy( psShape->padfM + i,
                        psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + 16 + i*8, 8 );
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfM + i );
            }
        }
        
    }

/* ==================================================================== */
/*  Extract vertices for a MultiPoint.                                  */
/* ==================================================================== */
    else if( psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINT
             || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTM
             || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTZ )
    {
        int32           nPoints;
        int             i, nOffset;

        memcpy( &nPoints, psSHP->pabyRec + 44, 4 );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 4, &nPoints );

        psShape->nVertices = nPoints;
        psShape->padfX = (double *) calloc(nPoints,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfY = (double *) calloc(nPoints,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfZ = (double *) calloc(nPoints,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfM = (double *) calloc(nPoints,sizeof(double));

        for( i = 0; i < nPoints; i++ )
        {
            memcpy(psShape->padfX+i, psSHP->pabyRec + 48 + 16 * i, 8 );
            memcpy(psShape->padfY+i, psSHP->pabyRec + 48 + 16 * i + 8, 8 );

            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfX + i );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfY + i );
        }

        nOffset = 48 + 16*nPoints;
        
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Get the X/Y bounds.                                             */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        memcpy( &(psShape->dfXMin), psSHP->pabyRec + 8 +  4, 8 );
        memcpy( &(psShape->dfYMin), psSHP->pabyRec + 8 + 12, 8 );
        memcpy( &(psShape->dfXMax), psSHP->pabyRec + 8 + 20, 8 );
        memcpy( &(psShape->dfYMax), psSHP->pabyRec + 8 + 28, 8 );

        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfXMin) );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfYMin) );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfXMax) );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfYMax) );

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      If we have a Z coordinate, collect that now.                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        if( psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_MULTIPOINTZ )
        {
            memcpy( &(psShape->dfZMin), psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset, 8 );
            memcpy( &(psShape->dfZMax), psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + 8, 8 );
            
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfZMin) );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfZMax) );
            
            for( i = 0; i < nPoints; i++ )
            {
                memcpy( psShape->padfZ + i,
                        psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + 16 + i*8, 8 );
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfZ + i );
            }

            nOffset += 16 + 8*nPoints;
        }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      If we have a M measure value, then read it now.  We assume      */
/*      that the measure can be present for any shape if the size is    */
/*      big enough, but really it will only occur for the Z shapes      */
/*      (options), and the M shapes.                                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        if( psSHP->panRecSize[hEntity]+8 >= nOffset + 16 + 8*nPoints )
        {
            memcpy( &(psShape->dfMMin), psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset, 8 );
            memcpy( &(psShape->dfMMax), psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + 8, 8 );
            
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfMMin) );
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, &(psShape->dfMMax) );
            
            for( i = 0; i < nPoints; i++ )
            {
                memcpy( psShape->padfM + i,
                        psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset + 16 + i*8, 8 );
                if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfM + i );
            }
        }
    }

/* ==================================================================== */
/*      Extract vertices for a point.                                   */
/* ==================================================================== */
    else if( psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_POINT
             || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_POINTM
             || psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_POINTZ )
    {
        int     nOffset;
        
        psShape->nVertices = 1;
        psShape->padfX = (double *) calloc(1,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfY = (double *) calloc(1,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfZ = (double *) calloc(1,sizeof(double));
        psShape->padfM = (double *) calloc(1,sizeof(double));

        memcpy( psShape->padfX, psSHP->pabyRec + 12, 8 );
        memcpy( psShape->padfY, psSHP->pabyRec + 20, 8 );

        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfX );
        if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfY );

        nOffset = 20 + 8;
        
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      If we have a Z coordinate, collect that now.                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        if( psShape->nSHPType == SHPT_POINTZ )
        {
            memcpy( psShape->padfZ, psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset, 8 );
        
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfZ );
            
            nOffset += 8;
        }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      If we have a M measure value, then read it now.  We assume      */
/*      that the measure can be present for any shape if the size is    */
/*      big enough, but really it will only occur for the Z shapes      */
/*      (options), and the M shapes.                                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        if( psSHP->panRecSize[hEntity]+8 >= nOffset + 8 )
        {
            memcpy( psShape->padfM, psSHP->pabyRec + nOffset, 8 );
        
            if( bBigEndian ) SwapWord( 8, psShape->padfM );
        }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Since no extents are supplied in the record, we will apply      */
/*      them from the single vertex.                                    */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        psShape->dfXMin = psShape->dfXMax = psShape->padfX[0];
        psShape->dfYMin = psShape->dfYMax = psShape->padfY[0];
        psShape->dfZMin = psShape->dfZMax = psShape->padfZ[0];
        psShape->dfMMin = psShape->dfMMax = psShape->padfM[0];
    }

    return( psShape );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            SHPTypeName()                             */
/************************************************************************/

const char SHPAPI_CALL1(*)
SHPTypeName( int nSHPType )

{
    switch( nSHPType )
    {
      case SHPT_NULL:
        return "NullShape";

      case SHPT_POINT:
        return "Point";

      case SHPT_ARC:
        return "Arc";

      case SHPT_POLYGON:
        return "Polygon";

      case SHPT_MULTIPOINT:
        return "MultiPoint";
        
      case SHPT_POINTZ:
        return "PointZ";

      case SHPT_ARCZ:
        return "ArcZ";

      case SHPT_POLYGONZ:
        return "PolygonZ";

      case SHPT_MULTIPOINTZ:
        return "MultiPointZ";
        
      case SHPT_POINTM:
        return "PointM";

      case SHPT_ARCM:
        return "ArcM";

      case SHPT_POLYGONM:
        return "PolygonM";

      case SHPT_MULTIPOINTM:
        return "MultiPointM";

      case SHPT_MULTIPATCH:
        return "MultiPatch";

      default:
        return "UnknownShapeType";
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SHPPartTypeName()                           */
/************************************************************************/

const char SHPAPI_CALL1(*)
SHPPartTypeName( int nPartType )

{
    switch( nPartType )
    {
      case SHPP_TRISTRIP:
        return "TriangleStrip";
        
      case SHPP_TRIFAN:
        return "TriangleFan";

      case SHPP_OUTERRING:
        return "OuterRing";

      case SHPP_INNERRING:
        return "InnerRing";

      case SHPP_FIRSTRING:
        return "FirstRing";

      case SHPP_RING:
        return "Ring";

      default:
        return "UnknownPartType";
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SHPDestroyObject()                          */
/************************************************************************/

void SHPAPI_CALL
SHPDestroyObject( SHPObject * psShape )

{
    if( psShape == NULL )
        return;
    
    if( psShape->padfX != NULL )
        free( psShape->padfX );
    if( psShape->padfY != NULL )
        free( psShape->padfY );
    if( psShape->padfZ != NULL )
        free( psShape->padfZ );
    if( psShape->padfM != NULL )
        free( psShape->padfM );

    if( psShape->panPartStart != NULL )
        free( psShape->panPartStart );
    if( psShape->panPartType != NULL )
        free( psShape->panPartType );

    free( psShape );
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SHPRewindObject()                           */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Reset the winding of polygon objects to adhere to the           */
/*      specification.                                                  */
/************************************************************************/

int SHPAPI_CALL
SHPRewindObject( SHPHandle hSHP, SHPObject * psObject )

{
    int  iOpRing, bAltered = 0;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Do nothing if this is not a polygon object.                     */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if( psObject->nSHPType != SHPT_POLYGON
        && psObject->nSHPType != SHPT_POLYGONZ
        && psObject->nSHPType != SHPT_POLYGONM )
        return 0;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Process each of the rings.                                      */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for( iOpRing = 0; iOpRing < psObject->nParts; iOpRing++ )
    {
        int      bInner, iVert, nVertCount, nVertStart, iCheckRing;
        double   dfSum, dfTestX, dfTestY;

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Determine if this ring is an inner ring or an outer ring        */
/*      relative to all the other rings.  For now we assume the         */
/*      first ring is outer and all others are inner, but eventually    */
/*      we need to fix this to handle multiple island polygons and      */
/*      unordered sets of rings.                                        */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        dfTestX = psObject->padfX[psObject->panPartStart[iOpRing]];
        dfTestY = psObject->padfY[psObject->panPartStart[iOpRing]];

        bInner = FALSE;
        for( iCheckRing = 0; iCheckRing < psObject->nParts; iCheckRing++ )
        {
            int iEdge;

            if( iCheckRing == iOpRing )
                continue;
            
            nVertStart = psObject->panPartStart[iCheckRing];

            if( iCheckRing == psObject->nParts-1 )
                nVertCount = psObject->nVertices 
                    - psObject->panPartStart[iCheckRing];
            else
                nVertCount = psObject->panPartStart[iCheckRing+1] 
                    - psObject->panPartStart[iCheckRing];

            for( iEdge = 0; iEdge < nVertCount; iEdge++ )
            {
                int iNext;

                if( iEdge < nVertCount-1 )
                    iNext = iEdge+1;
                else
                    iNext = 0;

                if( (psObject->padfY[iEdge+nVertStart] < dfTestY 
                     && psObject->padfY[iNext+nVertStart] >= dfTestY)
                    || (psObject->padfY[iNext+nVertStart] < dfTestY 
                        && psObject->padfY[iEdge+nVertStart] >= dfTestY) )
                {
                    if( psObject->padfX[iEdge+nVertStart] 
                        + (dfTestY - psObject->padfY[iEdge+nVertStart])
                           / (psObject->padfY[iNext+nVertStart]
                              - psObject->padfY[iEdge+nVertStart])
                           * (psObject->padfX[iNext+nVertStart]
                              - psObject->padfX[iEdge+nVertStart]) < dfTestX )
                        bInner = !bInner;
                }
            }
        }

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Determine the current order of this ring so we will know if     */
/*      it has to be reversed.                                          */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        nVertStart = psObject->panPartStart[iOpRing];

        if( iOpRing == psObject->nParts-1 )
            nVertCount = psObject->nVertices - psObject->panPartStart[iOpRing];
        else
            nVertCount = psObject->panPartStart[iOpRing+1] 
                - psObject->panPartStart[iOpRing];

        dfSum = 0.0;
        for( iVert = nVertStart; iVert < nVertStart+nVertCount-1; iVert++ )
        {
            dfSum += psObject->padfX[iVert] * psObject->padfY[iVert+1]
                - psObject->padfY[iVert] * psObject->padfX[iVert+1];
        }

        dfSum += psObject->padfX[iVert] * psObject->padfY[nVertStart]
               - psObject->padfY[iVert] * psObject->padfX[nVertStart];

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*      Reverse if necessary.                                           */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        if( (dfSum < 0.0 && bInner) || (dfSum > 0.0 && !bInner) )
        {
            int   i;

            bAltered++;
            for( i = 0; i < nVertCount/2; i++ )
            {
                double dfSaved;

                /* Swap X */
                dfSaved = psObject->padfX[nVertStart+i];
                psObject->padfX[nVertStart+i] = 
                    psObject->padfX[nVertStart+nVertCount-i-1];
                psObject->padfX[nVertStart+nVertCount-i-1] = dfSaved;

                /* Swap Y */
                dfSaved = psObject->padfY[nVertStart+i];
                psObject->padfY[nVertStart+i] = 
                    psObject->padfY[nVertStart+nVertCount-i-1];
                psObject->padfY[nVertStart+nVertCount-i-1] = dfSaved;

                /* Swap Z */
                if( psObject->padfZ )
                {
                    dfSaved = psObject->padfZ[nVertStart+i];
                    psObject->padfZ[nVertStart+i] = 
                        psObject->padfZ[nVertStart+nVertCount-i-1];
                    psObject->padfZ[nVertStart+nVertCount-i-1] = dfSaved;
                }

                /* Swap M */
                if( psObject->padfM )
                {
                    dfSaved = psObject->padfM[nVertStart+i];
                    psObject->padfM[nVertStart+i] = 
                        psObject->padfM[nVertStart+nVertCount-i-1];
                    psObject->padfM[nVertStart+nVertCount-i-1] = dfSaved;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return bAltered;
}

---